86 minutes / Color
Release: 2002
Copyright: 2002
In late 1980, the bodies of four American women were exhumed from a crude grave in El Salvador. The women - Ita Ford and Maura Clarke, nuns of the Maryknoll Congregation in New York; Dorothy Kazel, a nun in the Ursuline Sisters of Cleveland; and Jean Donovan, a lay missionary from the Cleveland Mission - had been abducted, raped, and murdered. An investigation led to the trial and conviction of five Salvadoran National Guardsmen.
But who was behind the murders? It was clear to Bill Ford, brother of Ita, that the Guardsmen were only triggermen. Ford, with help from the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, set out to discover who had ordered, paid for, directed, and covered up the murders.
By the mid-1990's, with the war over and amnesty declared for all human rights abusers, declassified U.S. government records revealed that the State Department had withheld information pointing to involvement at high levels of the Salvadoran military.
In late 2000, the two generals finally faced the families of the victims in a West Palm Beach courtroom. Without direct evidence implicating them, the generals were charged not with killing or ordering the killings of the women, but with responsibility for the crimes under the command responsibility doctrine, which holds that as commanders they knew or should have known about the abuses committed by their troops, and can be held accountable for those crimes. The generals were found not liable for the crimes, but the case is under appeal and a decision is expected early in 2002. More importantly the landmark pursuit of the generals in federal civil court opens the door for more such trials.
JUSTICE AND THE GENERALS offers unique insight into a new chapter in international human rights law, an important step forward in the campaign to bring military commanders to justice for crimes committed within their ranks. At the same time, as it follows efforts to hold human rights abusers accountable, JUSTICE AND THE GENERALS also maps the confusion, barbarism, and, ultimately, the tragic heart of a conflict whose wounds, two decades later, are far from healed.
"It is incredibly encouraging to see a film that accurately depicts so many of the issues involved in securing justice and accountability, whether at a state, regional or international level."—Dr. Kelly Dawn Askin, Director of the International Criminal Justice Institute, Washington, D.C.
"It is a complex story, elegantly conveyed through the lives of people closely connected to the facts of the case. It is particularly strong in highlighting the strengths -- and weaknesses of using courts to redress the massive violations of rights that occur in repressive regimes. The film invites discussion at a dozen levels."—Professor Peter Rosenblum, Harvard Law School Human Rights Program
Select Accolades
A long overdue investigation into the 1981 El Mozote massacre in El Salvador, and the Reagan administration's cover-up of it.
Daniele Lacourse and Yvan Patry | 1995 | 57 minutes | Color
An unprecedented feat in international law: the dictator of Chad, Hissein Habre, is brought to trial.
Mahamat-Saleh Haroun | 2016 | 82 minutes | Color | English; French; Arabic | English subtitles
Four years of the trial of Slobodan Milosevic, charged with 66 counts of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide for his role in the conflict in the former Yugoslavia.
Michael Christoffersen | 2008 | 69 minutes | Color
At the International Criminal Court, Luis Moreno-Ocampo investigates and prosecutes accused war criminals, worldwide.
Barry Stevens | 2011 | 52 minutes | Color | English
The story of a small village in El Salvador, destroyed during the country's civil war, and its remarkable rebirth today.
Tatiana Huezo | 2012 | 104 minutes | Color | English; Spanish | English subtitles
